板块二 · 太极拳Pillar Two · Tai-Chi
五大流派，与跨越流派的太极内核Five major styles, one shared core
陈式、杨式、吴式、武式、孙式——各流派外形架路各有不同，但底层拳理高度统一，这就是跨越流派的太极内核。Chen, Yang, Wu, Wu-Hao and Sun — while outward forms differ greatly, all styles share identical core theoretical foundations.
起源河南陈家沟。刚柔并济，明显缠丝螺旋劲，有快慢、蓄发开合，既有柔和圆转，也有爆发发力，是其他流派的源头。Originated in Chenjiagou, Henan. Alternating softness and power, characteristic spiraling silk-reeling energy; root source for most later styles.
杨露禅创立。大架舒展大方，动作平缓圆活，去掉猛烈发劲，适合大众修习；后世24式简化太极以杨式为蓝本。Founded by Yang Luchan. Large, open, smooth slow forms without sharp bursts; the popular 24-form is derived from Yang style.
小架紧凑圆活，动作柔和精巧，重心内敛，身法严密，重虚实转换。Compact, subtle circular movements; tight frame, inward-focused weight shift, precise body mechanics.
拳架小巧严谨，侧重理论，讲究身法中正、虚实分明，注重内在意念。Small-scale, rigorous frame; strong emphasis on classical theory, central alignment and clear empty-full distinction.
融合太极、形意、八卦；步伐灵活，进退相随，开合连贯，内外合一。Synthesizes Tai-Chi, Xing-Yi and Ba-Gua; agile footwork, seamless advance-retreat, strong mind-body integration.
流派源流Lineage
五大流派传承谱系How the five styles descend
五派同源异流：杨式从陈式分出，吴式出自杨式，武式源于陈家沟支脉，孙式由武式融合形意、八卦而成——外形各异，拳理一脉相承。One root, five streams: Yang descends from Chen, Wu from Yang, Wu-Hao from a Chen branch, and Sun from Wu-Hao blended with Xing-Yi and Ba-Gua — outward forms vary, yet the principles flow from a single source.
通用身法Universal body mechanics
太极身法核心Core Tai-Chi body mechanics
- 虚灵顶劲Suspended crown：头顶轻悬，精神提起，颈部放松，不僵硬。: light upward lift at the crown; neck relaxed, no tension.
- 含胸拔背Sink chest, stretch back：胸微内含，脊背舒展，不挺胸驼背。: chest gently hollowed, spine lengthened.
- 沉肩坠肘Sink shoulders, drop elbows：肩膀松开下沉，肘自然下坠，不上抬架力。: shoulders relax down, elbows hang naturally.
- 主宰于腰Waist as commander：身体转动根源在腰，腰为枢纽。: all rotation originates from the waist.
- 虚实分明Clear empty-full weight：双腿分清虚实重心，不双重。: weight rests on one leg at a time; avoid double-weightedness.
- 用意不用拙力Intention, not brute force：以意念引导动作，不用肌肉蛮力。: intention leads movement, not muscular force.
- 节节贯串，连绵不断Whole-body connection：一动无有不动，劲断意不断。: every joint linked; movement flows without interruption.
- 根在脚，形于手指Root to fingertip：力量完整传导，全身一体。: power rooted in feet, conducted through legs, governed by waist, expressed at fingertips.